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81.
西安是空气污染监控和防治有代表性的西部大型城市。研究了西安市及周边地区上空气溶胶光学厚度与PM10浓度的关系模型。利用2011—2012年MODIS卫星气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)遥感产品,通过数据匹配,利用地面气象观测站点的能见度数据和相对湿度数据对AOD产品进行垂直标高订正和湿度订正,2项订正显著提高了AOD和地面PM10浓度的相关性,相关系数从0.36提高到0.65,按季节分类统计和订正春至冬四季的相关系数分别为0.57、0.71、0.62和0.87,夏季和冬季的订正更为有效,可用性更高,这可能由于受到不同季节气溶胶来源和特征的影响。为研究中国西部大型城市,特别是西安市空气环境监测和区域联防联控提供了一种有效方法。 相似文献
82.
采用酸碱预处理乌梁素海典型沉水植物龙须眼子菜和挺水植物芦苇,通过厌氧发酵动力学分析、还原糖变化及微观结构解析,研究酸碱预处理对水生植物厌氧发酵联产氢气-甲烷的影响。实验结果表明,酸碱预处理后水生植物厌氧发酵联产氢气-甲烷两阶段累积产气量、氢气及甲烷含量均显著提高,酸处理效果优于碱处理。采用0.5 mol/L HCl预处理龙须眼子菜效果最佳,最大氢气、甲烷含量分别达42.65%和52.82%,产氢气速率为4.118 mL/h,产甲烷速率最高达14.199 mL/h。芦苇经1 mol/L HCl预处理效果最佳,最高氢气、甲烷含量分别为32.22%和65.26%。扫描电镜微观结构分析表明,酸碱预处理可显著破坏芦苇、龙须眼子菜的纤维素结构,有效增加植物与微生物接触面积,有利于厌氧发酵联产氢气-甲烷工艺的快速启动和稳定运行。 相似文献
83.
84.
恩施地区生态足迹和生态承载力评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以恩施地区2010年统计数据为依据,对其2010年的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余进行计算和分析,并将生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余和万元GDP生态足迹分别与恩施地区贫困村分布密度进行空间耦合。研究表明:(1)恩施地区人均生态盈余为0467 hm2,人均生态承载力为0947 1 hm2,人均生态足迹为048 hm2;(2)贫困村分布密度最高的来凤县、建始县人均生态盈余很少,而贫困村分布密度最低的利川市、咸丰县、宣恩县、鹤峰县,人均生态足迹最高和最低的县分别是咸丰县、宣恩县,鹤峰县的生态承载力最高,人均生态盈余最高的是宣恩县、鹤峰县,万元GDP生态足迹最高和最低的分别是利川市,巴东县;(3)通过生态足迹的研究,提出了恩施贫困地区需放大生态比较优势,〖JP2〗因地制宜,努力将生态盈余转化为直接的经济增长,使之能够有效的帮助贫困地区脱贫致富 相似文献
85.
鄱阳湖流域农村生活区面源污染特征及其影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
农村生活区水环境是流域水环境的重要组成部分。鄱阳湖流域是我国的重要农业生产区,农村人口众多,未经过处理的生活污水、生活垃圾和固体废弃物、分散畜禽养殖污染由于无序排放导致了鄱阳湖流域河湖水质下降,湖泊富营养化指数升高。通过采用污染物当量算法对鄱阳湖流域农村生活区面源污染估算,分析了1991~2011年农村生活污染现状及其趋势,并分析了鄱阳湖河湖水质变化趋势及其在农村生活区面源污染中的影响因子。研究结果表明:(1)1991~2011年,鄱阳湖流域农村人口、生活污染、生活垃圾和固体废弃物污染、分散畜禽养殖污染不断增加,其中农村生活污水污染物排放量、TN、TP和COD排放量增长了1268%,年平均增长量分别为036、002、1681和021万t;固体废弃物排放量、TN和TP排放量增加了1268%,年增长量分别为362、076和080万t;分散畜禽养殖污染TN、TP和COD的含量分别增长了9913%、6384%和7227%,年均增长量分别为022、003和009万t;(2)2000年以来,鄱阳湖流域河湖水质呈下降趋势,其中鄱阳湖湖泊的水质和富营养化指数下降趋势分别在001和005水平上具有显著性;(3)鄱阳湖流域农村生活区面源污染对流域水环境具有一定的影响,其中分散畜禽养殖污染的影响相对较大 相似文献
86.
Factors influencing adsorption and desorption of trimethoprim on marine sediments: mechanisms and kinetics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Li Jia Zhang Hua 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):21929-21937
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption-desorption behavior of ionic antibiotics in natural aquatic environment is complex, especially in coastal or estuary area where influencing... 相似文献
87.
Jia Penghui Huang Yimei Chen Mengli Qi Xiping Hou Hongyang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8987-8997
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The performance of garden waste on spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and chicken manure (CM) co-composting efficiency and humification is unclear.... 相似文献
88.
89.
Xiaosong Chang Xiaoyun Liu Hao Chen Zhiqun Qiu Jia Cao 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1444-6108
Sewage samples from 4 hospitals, 1 nursery, 1 slaughter house, 1 wastewater treatment plant and 5 source water samples of Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir were analyzed for macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim, fluorouinolone, sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the concentration of ofloxacin (OFX) in hospital was the highest among all water environments ranged from 1.660 μg/L to 4.240 μg/L and norfloxacin (NOR, 0.136-1.620 μg/L), ciproflaxacin (CIP, ranged from 0.011 μg/L to 0.136 μg/L), trimethoprim (TMP, 0.061-0.174 μg/L) were commonly detected. Removal range of antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant was 18-100% and the removal ratio of tylosin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were 100%. Relatively higher removal efficiencies were observed for tylosin (TYL), oxytetracycline (OXY) and tetracycline (TET)(100%), while lower removal efficiencies were observed for Trimethoprim (TMP, 1%), Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (EICIC, 18%) and Erythromycin-H2O (ERY-H2O, 24%). Antibiotics were removed more efficiently in primary treatment compared with those in secondary treatment. 相似文献
90.
Jae Hwan Lee Chunrong Jia Sergei Chernyak 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1503-1517
Abstract Four popular thermally desorbable adsorbents used for air sampling (Tenax TA, Tenax GR, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X) are examined for the potential to form artifacts with ozone (O3) at environmental concentrations. The performance of these adsorbents for the ketone and alde-hyde species identified as O3-adsorbent artifacts was also characterized, including recovery, linearity, and method detection limits (MDLs). Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 13 different artifacts were identified and confirmed for both Tenax TA and Tenax GR, 9 for Carbopack B, but none for Carbopack X. Several O3 artifacts not reported previously were identified, including: pentanal, 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone, hexanal, 3-heptanone, and heptanal with Tenax TA; pentanal, 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone, hexanal, and 3-heptanone on Tenax GR; and 1-octene and 1-nonene with Carbopack B. Levels of straight-chain aldehyde artifacts rapidly diminished after a few cycles of adsorbent conditioning/O3 exposure, and concentrations could be predicted using a first-order model. Phenyl-substituted carbonyl artifacts (benzalde-hyde and acetophenone) persisted on Tenax TA and GR even after 10 O3 exposure-conditioning cycles. O3 breakthrough through the adsorbent bed was most rapid in adsorbents that yielded the highest levels of artifacts. Overall, artifact composition and concentration are shown to depend on O3 concentration and dose, conditioning method, and adsorbent type and age. Calibrations showed good linearity, and most compounds had reasonable recoveries, for example, 90 ±15% for Tenax TA, 97 ±23% for Tenax GR, 101 ±24% for Carbopack B, and 79 ±25% (91 ±9% for n-aldehydes) for Carbopack X. Benzeneacetaldehyde recovery was notably poorer (22–63% across the four adsorbents). MDLs for several compounds were relatively high, up to 5 ng. By accounting for both artifact formation and method performance, this work helps to identify which carbonyl compounds can be measured using thermally desorbable adsorbents and which may be prone to bias because of the formation of O3- adsorbent artifacts. 相似文献